Learning a language in school basically begins with the basic grammar. But if you are a traveler who wants to learn actual conversations in few months or even weeks would be a different approach.
Read a book. Buy a book that deals with basics of conversation and some materials that enable you to hear and say the correct pronunciation. You tend to memorize a language more efficiently when you blend listening and imitating with reading and writing.
Spend between 30 minutes and an hour daily absorbing the language. If that seems overwhelming to you, don't worry, - it can be spent listening to a podcast on your way to work, reading over a topic in your book, or even watching a foreign film so you begin to hear the rythm and intonation of the words.
Start catching the phrases by memorizing formula expressions, like "hello", "how are you," etc... Next is to study some simple phrases that are related to your vacation. You don't need to worry about learning to construct complex sentences. Instead, memorize as many nouns and verbs as possible because they are easier to remember than grammar rules, and you can patch your vocabulary together to communicate.
Take a notebook with you on your trip and fill it with expressions and words you've learned, especially those you find usual. Dictionaries or phrase books are okay, but it may take time to find what are you looking for.
Try learning some slang such as when you're watching foreign movies or talking to a native, listen for the frequently used words, casual terms of phrase, and even expressions of frustration that may not be covered in your educational materials.
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